Фикоцианин из Sp. platensis: таксономия, структура и свойства, медицинское применение (обзор)

Введение. Фикоцианин - это натуральный пигмент синего цвета, содержащийся в спирулине, который обладает антиоксидантными, противовоспалительными, противовирусными и противоопухолевыми свойствами.

Текст. Фикобилипротеины, являющиеся основными компонентами светособирающих комплексов у цианобактерий и красных водорослей, имеют в своем составе хромофоры (фикобилины), которые ковалентно связаны с белковыми субъединицами и отвечают за поглощение света. Эти комплексы образуют фикобилисомы, способные эффективно собирать и передавать энергию света к реакционным центрам фотосинтеза. Экстракция фикоцианина требует выбора подходящего метода разрушения клеток, чтобы извлечь белок, сохранив его структуру и функции. Для этой цели могут применяться как физические, так и химические методы. Последующая очистка включает в себя несколько этапов, в ходе которых происходит удаление балластных белков и других примесей. Она может включать в себя фракционирование сульфатом аммония и набор хроматографических методов. Важным аспектом является контроль качества, который осуществляется с использованием спектрофотометрии. Стабильность фикоцианина может меняться под воздействием различных факторов окружающей среды, таких как свет, температура и pH. Для повышения его устойчивости используются стабилизаторы, в роли которых могут выступать моно- и дисахариды, а также неорганические соли. Фикоцианин обладает широким спектром полезных свойств для организма: антиоксидантной активностью, противовоспалительным действием, защитой органов и тканей, а также противоопухолевым эффектом. Он практически не оказывает токсического действия даже при высоких дозах, что открывает широкие перспективы для разработки новых лекарственных средств.

Заключение. Фикоцианин является перспективным веществом для медицинского применения. Тем не менее существуют сложности, связанные с его извлечением, очисткой и стабилизацией. Чтобы расширить область его применения, требуются дальнейшие исследования, направленные на разработку более эффективных методов получения и стабилизации.

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